The development of genomic resources and tools is an important step in designing novel approaches to genetic control of mosquitoes. Physical genome maps enhance the quality of the genome assemblies, improve gene annotation, and provide a better framework for comparative and population genomics studies in mosquitoes. In this chapter, we describe protocols for an important procedure in physical genome mapping-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We provide details on (1) dissection of salivary glands, ovaries, and imaginal discs for obtaining high-quality polytene or mitotic chromosome preparations; (2) DNA-labeling procedures and extraction of repetitive DNA fractions; and (3) approaches to FISH on polytene and mitotic chromosomes.
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Mol Phylogenet Evol
January 2025
MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, cc093, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
Our understanding of speciation processes in marine environments remains very limited and the role of different reproductive barriers are still debated. While physical barriers were considered important drivers causing reproductive isolation, recent studies highlight the importance of climatic and hydrological changes creating unsuitable habitat conditions as factors promoting population isolation. Although speciation in marine fish has been investigated from different perspectives, these studies often have a limited geographical extant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
Seed color is a critical quality trait in numerous plant species. In oilseed crops, including rapeseed and mustard, yellow seeds are distinguished by their significantly higher oil content and faster germination rates compared to black or brown counterparts. Despite the agronomic significance of the yellow seeds being a prime breeding target, the mechanisms underlying elevated oil content remain obscure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Purpose: To investigate the heritability of genetic influence on macular choroidal vascularity index (CVI).
Methods: Total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), and CVI was measured using horizontal scan of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging in the 373 healthy twin participants. Characteristics of the participants were investigated, including age, sex, axial length, hypertension, diabetes, drinking habits, and smoking status.
Brief Bioinform
November 2024
Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China.
Psoriasis affects a significant proportion of the worldwide population and causes an extremely heavy psychological and physical burden. The existing therapeutic schemes have many deficiencies such as limited efficacies and various side effects. Therefore, novel ways of treating psoriasis are urgently needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwin Res Hum Genet
January 2025
Ulster Institute for Social Research, London, UK.
This study explores directional selection on physical and psychosocial phenotypes in Eastern Eurasian populations, utilizing a dataset of 1245 ancient genomes. By analyzing polygenic scores (PGS) for traits including height, educational attainment (EA), IQ, autism, schizophrenia, and others, we observed significant temporal trends spanning the Holocene era. The results suggest positive selection for cognitive-related traits such as IQ, EA and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), alongside negative selection for anxiety and depression.
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