Hair is a defining mammalian feature that serves as a hallmark of human communication. Given the critical significance of hair in social, religious, and political contexts, it is important to understand factors that play a role in hair loss disorders. The hair follicle is an immune privileged site, and mounting evidence suggests that the collapse of immune privilege contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune hair loss disorders, including alopecia areata and lichen planopilaris. This review comprehensively appraises the current literature to shed light on mechanisms for immune privilege collapse, and examines the role of neurogenic stress in triggering this process.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485080 | DOI Listing |
Cell Transplant
January 2025
Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
The eye represents a highly specialized organ, with its main function being to convert light signals into electrical impulses. Any damage or disease of the eye induces a local inflammatory reaction that could be harmful for the specialized ocular cells. Therefore, the eye developed several immunoregulatory mechanisms which protect the ocular structures against deleterious immune reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Science and Technology Academic Department of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for about 85 % of all lung cancers, currently exhibits insensitivity to most treatment regimens. Therefore, the identification of new and effective biomarkers for NSCLC is crucial for the development of treatment strategies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of regulated cell death capable of activating adaptive immune responses and generating long-term immune memory, holds promise for enhancing anti-tumor immunity and offering promising prospects for immunotherapy strategies in NSCLC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemin Immunopathol
January 2025
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
The formation and differentiation of mature, motile male germ cells, which can fertilize the egg and ensure successful implantation and development of a healthy embryo, are essential functions of the testis and epididymis. Spermatogenesis is a complex, multistep process that results in the formation of motile haploid gametes, requiring an immunoregulatory environment to maintain tolerance to developing neo-antigens. Different cell types (Sertoli cells, macrophages), immunoregulatory factors and tolerance mechanisms are involved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Deliv Transl Res
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive brain tumor, poses significant treatment challenges due to its highly immunosuppressive microenvironment and the brain immune privilege. Immunotherapy activating the immune system and T lymphocyte infiltration holds great promise against GBM. However, the brain's low immunogenicity and the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinder therapeutic efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuron
January 2025
Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:
As global life expectancy increases, age-related brain diseases such as stroke and dementia have become leading causes of death and disability. The aging of the neurovasculature is a critical determinant of brain aging and disease risk. Neurovascular cells are particularly vulnerable to aging, which induces significant structural and functional changes in arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels.
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