Currently, no data are available regarding the expression levels of CD40L on CD4 T cells in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The percentage of circulating CD40LCD4 T cells was measured by flow cytometry in 23 NMOSD patients and 10 healthy controls. The ratio of CD40LCD4 to CD4 T cells in patients at acute phase (18.28 ± 15.56%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (7.23 ± 5.94%, P = .032) and was positively correlated with disease severity (r = 0.532, P = .041). Thus, our results suggest an important role of this molecule in acute attacks of NMOSD.
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