A large area solid radiochemistry collector was deployed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) with a collection efficiency for post-shot, solid target debris of approximately 1% of the total 4π solid angle. The collector consisted of a 20-cm diameter vanadium foil surrounded by an aluminum side-enclosure and was fielded 50 cm from the NIF target. The collector was used on two NIF neutron yield shots, both of which had a monolayer of U embedded in the capsule ablator 10 m from the inner surface. Fission and activation products produced in the U were collected, and subsequent analyses via gamma spectroscopy indicated that the distribution of fission products was not uniform, with peak and valley fission products preferentially collected on the vanadium and low- and high-mass fission products primarily located on the aluminum side-enclosure. The results from these shots will be used to design future nuclear data experiments at NIF.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5039325 | DOI Listing |
Front Bioeng Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou, China.
The balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion plays an important role in maintaining the stability of cellular homeostasis. Abnormal mitochondrial fission and fragmentation have been shown to be associated with oxidative stress, which causes a variety of human diseases from neurodegeneration disease to cancer. Therefore, the induction of mitochondrial aggregation and fusion may provide an alternative approach to alleviate these conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondrial ATP production and calcium buffering are critical for metabolic regulation and neurotransmission making the formation and maintenance of the mitochondrial network a critical component of neuronal health. Cortical pyramidal neurons contain compartment-specific mitochondrial morphologies that result from distinct axonal and dendritic mitochondrial fission and fusion profiles. We previously showed that axonal mitochondria are maintained at a small size as a result of high axonal mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Radiat Isot
January 2025
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box: 14155-1339, Tehran, Iran.
In molybdenum-99 (Mo) production facilities via the fission method, appropriate transportation containers must be used to transfer irradiated targets from the irradiation facility to the processing facility, following the requirements for transferring radioactive materials. In the Mo production industrial plan of Iran, the transportation container must be capable of carrying a holster containing nine irradiated low-enriched uranium targets, known as a hot batch. In this article, the proper shielding of two-layer containers based on the gamma spectrum emitted from the radioisotope inventory of a local hot batch, including fission products, activation products, and other radioisotopes produced from their decay chains, was investigated by using Monte Carlo code MCNP6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Radiat Isot
January 2025
Internal Dosimetry Section, Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400085, India.
Shadow Shield Whole Body Counter (SSWBC) is used to estimate internal dose of radiation workers due to the intake of fission and activation products. The SSWBC geometry was numerically modelled in FLUKA code. The computational model was validated by comparing the experimental and simulated counting efficiencies (CEs), also known as response, using Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) reference BOttle Mannequin Absorption (BOMAB) phantom.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Pathog
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Mitochondria, recognized as the "powerhouse" of cells, play a vital role in generating cellular energy through dynamic processes such as fission and fusion. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to hijack mitochondrial function for their survival and proliferation. Here, we report that infection with the swine arterivirus porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), manipulates mitochondria calcium ions (Ca2+) to induce mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, thereby reprogramming cellular energy metabolism to facilitate its own replication.
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