Background: The withholding of recess for disciplinary purposes has been acknowledged but studied on a limited basis. The perspectives of children have not been heard at all on this subject.
Methods: Our paper draws upon semistructured child interviews, which were one activity within a multifaceted study. A subset of students was interviewed about recess and about the experience of having teachers who withheld recess.
Results: Interviewees favored recess and other parts of school that allowed physical activity and social interaction over more sedentary, isolating parts of school. Many understood teachers' rationale for withholding recess; some thought it was helpful, up to a point. Others did not think it was solving the problems it was designed to address. They were skeptical it was having a beneficial effect on the small number of peers who lost recess regularly.
Conclusion: Most respondents showed deference to their teachers and were inclined to regard them as wise and fair. The data from these interviews indicated that many children experienced anxiety, regret, and sometimes resentment with regard to the practice of withholding recess. Many wished teachers could identify other means of discipline to address issues that led to losing recess. This study provides a valuable perspective that has been missing from the policy discussions about recess.
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Advocacy for Equitable Recess in Washington State.
Pediatrics
May 2024
King County Play Equity Coalition, King County, Washington.
Recess in schools is a critical opportunity for children to engage in important behaviors that can promote their health and well-being, and daily recess is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and other national organizations. In Washington state, school recess is not equitably provided, with parents reporting a wide range from as little as 10 minutes to >45 minutes daily. State laws can help promote equitable and high-quality recess, but most states in the United States do not have recess laws.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence of Recess and Supportive Practices at a Nationwide Sample of Public Elementary Schools in the United States.
J Sch Health
April 2024
College of Education, Boise State University, Boise, ID.
Article Synopsis
- - Recess is crucial for children's physical activity on weekdays, prompting a national survey of 1,010 public elementary schools to assess current practices for the 2019-2020 school year.
- - Of the 559 responses, around 87.9% of schools offered at least 20 minutes of daily recess, but practices varied by region and socioeconomic status, with some schools more likely to withhold recess as a punishment for behavior or schoolwork.
- - The findings highlight the need for ongoing monitoring of recess policies to promote equitable access and better practices, especially in lower-income schools, to ensure that all children benefit from this essential time for physical activity.
Adherence to Recess Guidelines in the United States Using Nationally Representative Data: Implications for Future Surveillance Efforts.
J Sch Health
December 2023
Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Centre Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
Background: National adherence to the recess recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has not been comprehensively studied in the United States.
Methods: Data from 6 nationally representative data sets over the last decade (Classification of Laws Associated with School Students, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Youth Fitness Survey, School Health Policies and Practices Survey, and the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study) provided estimates for adherence to CDC recess guidelines.
Results: While approximately 65-80% of elementary school-children receive the recommended 20+ minutes of daily recess according to parent-, principal-, and school-report, adherence declines by sixth grade, and little information is available for middle/high school students.
Models of school recess for combatting overweight in the United States.
Prev Med Rep
February 2023
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to quantify and compare potential energy expenditure associated with school recess in the U.S. based on four scenarios: professional recommendations and state policies for the conduct of recess, previous studies that measured physical activity intensity during recess (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParents' perceptions of school recess policies and practices.
BMC Public Health
August 2022
Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Women's Building, Room 022, 160 SW 26th Street, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
Background: Previous research has shown that school recess can provide children with physical, social and cognitive benefits; yet, recess opportunities and experiences may be different for different groups of children, specifically for children living in lower income environments, children of different racial groups other than white, and for children with disabilities. Parent perceptions of recess are important to consider as they serve as advocates for their children's access and opportunities at school as well as an additional informant for children's experiences at recess that may be useful for policymakers and school boards to consider.
Objective: To examine parent perceptions of recess by children's disability status, children's race and ethnicity, and family household income.
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