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In vivo cancer vaccination: Which dendritic cells to target and how? | LitMetric

In vivo cancer vaccination: Which dendritic cells to target and how?

Cancer Treat Rev

Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland; Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Smilow Translational Research Center 8th Floor, 186B, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address:

Published: December 2018

AI Article Synopsis

  • The field of cancer immunotherapy has seen major advancements through immune checkpoint blockade antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, showing positive outcomes across various cancer types.
  • However, there is a growing recognition of the need for more affordable immunotherapies that stimulate the body’s own anti-tumor T cells while creating long-term immunity.
  • The article discusses the potential of in vivo targeting of dendritic cells using low-cost synthetic toll-like receptor agonists to enhance cancer immunotherapy, reviewing different dendritic cell subsets and ongoing trials involving these agonists.

Article Abstract

The field of cancer immunotherapy has been revolutionized with the use of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies such as anti-programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Significant clinical benefits are observed in different cancer types with these treatments. While considerable efforts are made in augmenting tumor-specific T cell responses with these therapies, other immunotherapies that actively stimulate endogenous anti-tumor T cells and generating long-term memory have received less attention. Given the high cost of cancer immunotherapies especially with chimeric antigen receptor T cells, not many patients will have access to such treatments. The next-generation of cancer immunotherapy could entail in vivo cancer vaccination to activate both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor responses. This could potentially be achieved via in vivo targeting of dendritic cells which are an indispensable link between the innate and adaptive immunities. Dendritic cells highly expressed toll-like receptors for recognizing and eliminating pathogens. Synthetic toll-like receptors agonists could be synthesized at a low cost and have shown promise in preclinical and clinical trials. As different subsets of human dendritic cells exist in the immune system, activation with different toll-like receptor agonists could exert profound effects on the quality and magnitude of anti-tumor T cell responses. Here, we reviewed the different subsets of human dendritic cells. Using published preclinical and clinical cancers studies available on PubMed, we discussed the use of clinically approved and emerging toll-like receptor agonists to activate dendritic cells in vivo for cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we searched www.clinicaltrials.gov and summarized the active cancer trials evaluating toll-like receptor agonists as an adjuvant.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6295330PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.10.012DOI Listing

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