Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DRD2 and 5-HT2 receptor genes are associated with schizophrenia in North Indian population. Four hundred forty-three patients who met ICD10-DCR criteria for schizophrenia were enrolled from six participating centers along with 443 genetically related healthy subjects and 150 genetically unrelated healthy participants. A total of 7 gene polymorphisms from DRD2 (rs1800497, rs1079597, rs1800498, rs1801028) and 5-HT2 A (rs6313, rs6311, rs6305) were genotyped for their association with schizophrenia. No significant difference was found in frequency of various genotypes and alleles of the studied markers for DRD2 and 5-HT2 A genes between the cases and their genetic controls. However, significant differences were noted for rs1079597 genotype (Taq1B; p = 0.039) and its allele frequencies (p = 0.029) in persons with schizophrenia and the unrelated healthy controls. The DRD2 (Taq1 A-B-D) and 5-HT2 A (rs6311-rs6313-rs6305) haplotype frequencies differed significantly for A2B1D2 [p = 0.038; OR = 0.685 (95%CI = 0.479-0.981)] and ACC [p = 0.001; OR = 0.621 (95%CI = 0.461-0.838)] for the cases vs genetically related healthy controls. Similarly, significant difference was observed for the frequencies of GCC [p = 0.006; OR = 0.692 (95%CI = 0.532-0.900)] and ACC [p < 0.001; OR = 3.622 (95%CI = 1.73-7.585)] in the cases and unrelated healthy controls. Unlike previous research from India as well as abroad, the predominance of B1 allele of rs1079597 in patients with schizophrenia and absence of Cys311 in all study participants is a salient difference. Concluding, the B2 allele of rs1079597 may increase the risk of schizophrenia while the A2B1D2 haplotype may be protective in North Indian population.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.10.022 | DOI Listing |
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