A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain RL12-1S, was isolated from surface-sterilized leaves of Oryza sativa L. collected from Roi Et province, Thailand. Taxonomic position of strain RL12-1S was studied using the polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses base on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RL12-1S belonged to the genus Quadrisphaera and was closely related to Quadrisphaera granulorum AG019 (99.0%). The colony of strain RL12-1S was vivid orange. Growth occurred at a temperature between 17-37 °C and pH between 6.0-8.0. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose in whole-cell hydrolysates. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H). The major fatty acids were Cω7c/Cω6c, C and Cω7c. The polar lipids of the strain were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The DNA G + C content of genomic DNA was 76.1 mol%. Based on comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RL12-1S represents a novel species of the genus Quadrisphaera, for which the name Quadrisphaera oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RL12-1S ( = TBRC 8486 = NBRC 113447).
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