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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001863 | DOI Listing |
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Feasibility, safety and tolerability of estrogen and/or probiotics for improving vaginal health in Canadian African, Caribbean, and Black women: A pilot phase 1 clinical trial.
PLoS One
January 2025
McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Background: A dysbiotic vaginal microbiome (VMB) is associated with clinical conditions such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Considering the high prevalence of BV among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) women, we conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label phase 1 clinical trial to determine the feasibility, safety and tolerability of administering low-dose estrogen, probiotics or both in combination to improve vaginal health and decrease HIV-1 susceptibility.
Methods: ACB women aged 18-49 from the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) were randomized to one of four study arms: intravaginal estradiol (Estring©; 7.
Extensive cervical lesion and treatment outcomes in women with HIV/HPV co-infection.
AIDS Res Ther
December 2024
Jennifer Tiu, ACTG Network Coordinating Center, Bethesda, USA.
Background: Cervical cancer is a common cancer worldwide, with > 85% of deaths occurring in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries where resources for screening programs are limited. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at increased risk. HPV test-and-treat is a screening strategy where women with HPV are offered ablative treatment of the cervix to reduce the risk of invasive cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatial transcriptomics and immune cell profiling of the host ectocervical landscape of HIV infected Kenyan sex working women.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
Introduction: Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that significantly impacts disease pathogenesis. However, in-depth studies characterizing the immunological landscape of the ectocervix during chronic HIV infection remain scarce despite the importance of this tissue site for HIV transmission.
Methods: Ectocervical tissue samples were obtained from antiretroviral-naïve HIV-seropositive and -seronegative Kenyan female sex workers.
Transcytosis as a Mechanism of HIV-1 Entry into Columnar Epithelial Explants of the Female Reproductive Tract.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
December 2024
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
During male-to-female transmission, HIV-1 must cross the mucosal epithelium of the female reproductive tract to gain access to underlying target cells. Previously, we demonstrated that HIV-1 can penetrate intact columnar and squamous genital epithelia in both and systems. We found that the virus enters the squamous epithelium via a diffusion-based mechanism, but the mechanism of entry in columnar epithelium remained elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced and sustained biodistribution of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody VRC01LS in human genital and rectal mucosa.
Nat Commun
November 2024
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- To prevent HIV-1 transmission, high levels of broadly neutralizing antibodies are necessary at mucosal sites of exposure, particularly in the colorectal and genitourinary tracts.
- A study compared the biodistribution of two monoclonal antibodies, VRC01 and its longer-lasting variant VRC01LS, over 1-52 weeks post-infusion, finding VRC01LS levels significantly higher in various tissues at earlier and later time points.
- While both antibodies are mainly retained in rectal and cervical tissue, only a small percentage reaches seminal and rectal secretions; VRC01LS shows a longer elimination half-life, indicating its potential for sustained protection against HIV-1.
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