Background: Exercise dependence (EXD) can be considered an addictive behaviour because it presents signs typical of other addictive behaviours. Despite possible health problems related to EXD, the prevalence of risk for EXD has never been systematically reviewed.
Objective: This article aimed to systematically review the prevalence of risk for EXD.
Methods: Studies were identified from searches in the ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science electronic databases up to June 2018. Empirical studies were selected if (1) they included the outcomes of the prevalence of EXD; (2) participants were regular exercisers; and (3) they were published in either the English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish languages. A total of 34 articles met the inclusion criteria.
Results: The prevalence of risk for EXD was estimated to be between 3 and 7% of regular exercisers and the university student population, and between 6 and 9% of the athlete population.
Conclusion: The results of this review indicated that the prevalence of risk for EXD varies with the characteristics of the exerciser, but an overall prevalence of 3-9% is estimated. Risk for EXD is a cause for concern and, from a public health point of view, is a problem that has to be addressed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1011-4 | DOI Listing |
Glob Public Health
December 2025
Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
More than 500 centres in China hold over 300,000 individuals in what has been described by the United Nations as unethical and ineffective compulsory treatment and rehabilitation centres. Individuals in these centres face widespread human rights abuses, including lack of due process, forced labour, physical and sexual violence, and denial of healthcare. Because of the vulnerability of individuals in detention settings to abuse in research trials, ethical guidelines have required research to pose no more than minimal risk, to address the process of incarceration, and the health or well-being of detained individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Background: Temperature increases in the context of climate change affect numerous mental health outcomes. One such relevant outcome is involuntary admissions as these often relate to severe (life)threatening psychiatric conditions. Due to a shortage of studies into this topic, relationships between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions have remained largely elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Commun (Lond)
January 2025
Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
J Hypertens
December 2024
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
Objectives: Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease suffer from hypertension, and kidney transplantation (KT) has potential to induce hypertension resolution. We hypothesized that hypertension resolution after KT is associated with better KT outcomes.
Methods: We identified KT recipients (2006-2015) who had pretransplant hypertension.
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