AI Article Synopsis
- Oxidative stress significantly disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, with saponins (PNS) showing promise as an antioxidant treatment for stroke.
- PNS was found to protect BBB integrity and reduce cell injury in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells through various assays, demonstrating its potential in mitigating damage caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
- Mechanistic studies revealed that PNS activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, enhancing the antioxidant response via Nrf2 signaling and preventing the degradation of tight junction proteins, indicating its role as a protective agent against BBB disruption.
Article Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. saponins (PNS) possess efficient antioxidant activity and have been used in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke in China. In this study, we determined the protective effects of PNS on BBB integrity and investigated the underlying mechanism in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). MTT and LDH release assays revealed that PNS mitigated the OGD/R-induced cell injury in a dose-dependent manner. TEER and paracellular permeability assays demonstrated that PNS alleviated the OGD/R-caused disruption of BBB integrity. Fluorescence probe DCFH-DA showed that PNS suppressed ROS generation in OGD/R-treated cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis indicated that PNS inhibited the degradation of tight junction proteins triggered by OGD/R. Moreover, mechanism investigations suggested that PNS increased the phosphorylation of Akt, the activity of nuclear Nrf2, and the expression of downstream antioxidant enzyme HO-1. All the effects of PNS could be reversed by co-treatment with PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Taken together, these observations suggest that PNS may act as an extrinsic regulator that activates Nrf2 antioxidant signaling depending on PI3K/Akt pathway and protects against OGD/R-induced BBB disruption in vitro.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6278530 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112781 | DOI Listing |
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