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Evasion of phagotrophic predation by protist hosts and innate immunity of metazoan hosts by Legionella pneumophila. | LitMetric

Evasion of phagotrophic predation by protist hosts and innate immunity of metazoan hosts by Legionella pneumophila.

Cell Microbiol

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.

Published: January 2019

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Unlike protists, human macrophages have advanced defense mechanisms, which L. pneumophila has adapted to exploit, involving various complex biological processes.
  • * The bacterium also infects invertebrates like Galleria mellonella larvae and Drosophila flies, indicating its evolutionary adaptation and coevolution with different hosts before becoming a threat to humans.

Article Abstract

Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has evolved to infect and proliferate within amoebae and other protists. It is thought that accidental inhalation of contaminated water particles by humans is what has enabled this pathogen to proliferate within alveolar macrophages and cause pneumonia. However, the highly evolved macrophages are equipped with more sophisticated innate defence mechanisms than are protists, such as the evolution of phagotrophic feeding into phagocytosis with more evolved innate defence processes. Not surprisingly, the majority of proteins involved in phagosome biogenesis (~80%) have origins in the phagotrophy stage of evolution. There are a plethora of highly evolved cellular and innate metazoan processes, not represented in protist biology, that are modulated by L. pneumophila, including TLR2 signalling, NF-κB, apoptotic and inflammatory processes, histone modification, caspases, and the NLRC-Naip5 inflammasomes. Importantly, L. pneumophila infects haemocytes of the invertebrate Galleria mellonella, kill G. mellonella larvae, and proliferate in and kill Drosophila adult flies and Caenorhabditis elegans. Although coevolution with protist hosts has provided a substantial blueprint for L. pneumophila to infect macrophages, we discuss the further evolutionary aspects of coevolution of L. pneumophila and its adaptation to modulate various highly evolved innate metazoan processes prior to becoming a human pathogen.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6296878PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12971DOI Listing

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