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Microbiota-neuroepithelial signalling across the gut-brain axis.
Nat Rev Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Research over the past two decades has established a remarkable ability of the gut microbiota to modulate brain activity and behaviour. Conversely, signals from the brain can influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This bidirectional communication across the gut microbiota-brain axis, involving multiple biochemical and cellular mediators, is recognized as a major brain-body network that integrates cues from the environment and the body's internal state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBuilding a Human Digital Twin (HDTwin) Using Large Language Models for Cognitive Diagnosis: Algorithm Development and Validation.
JMIR Form Res
December 2024
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
Background: Human digital twins have the potential to change the practice of personalizing cognitive health diagnosis because these systems can integrate multiple sources of health information and influence into a unified model. Cognitive health is multifaceted, yet researchers and clinical professionals struggle to align diverse sources of information into a single model.
Objective: This study aims to introduce a method called HDTwin, for unifying heterogeneous data using large language models.
Independent SAGE as an example of effective public dialogue on scientific research.
Nat Protoc
December 2024
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020 and then a pandemic on 11 March 2020. In early 2020, a group of UK scientists volunteered to provide the public with up-to-date and transparent scientific information. The group formed the Independent Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (Independent SAGE) and provided live weekly briefings to the public via YouTube.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn analysis of dialogue repair in virtual assistants.
Front Robot AI
November 2024
Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Conversational user interfaces have transformed human-computer interaction by providing nearly real-time responses to queries. However, misunderstandings between the user and system persist. This study explores the significance of interactional language in dialogue repair between virtual assistants and users by analyzing interactions with Google Assistant and Siri in both English and Spanish, focusing on the assistants' utilization and response to the colloquial other-initiated repair strategy "", which is prevalent as a human-human dialogue repair strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMachine Learning(s) in gaming disorder through the user-avatar bond: A step towards conceptual and methodological clarity.
J Behav Addict
December 2024
12International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Dept, Nottingham Trent University, UK.
In response to our study, the commentary by Infanti et al. (2024) raised critical points regarding (i) the conceptualization and utility of the user-avatar bond in addressing gaming disorder (GD) risk, and (ii) the optimization of supervised machine learning techniques applied to assess GD risk. To advance the scientific dialogue and progress in these areas, the present paper aims to: (i) enhance the clarity and understanding of the concepts of the avatar, the user-avatar bond, and the digital phenotype concerning gaming disorder (GD) within the broader field of behavioral addictions, and (ii) comparatively assess how the user-avatar bond (UAB) may predict GD risk, by both removing data augmentation before the data split and by implementing alternative data imbalance treatment approaches in programming.
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