Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de un plan de alimentación hipocalórico hiperproteico con otro normoproteico sobre la composición corporal, los parámetros bioquímicos y las citocinas inflamatorias en pacientes obesos precirugía bariátrica sometidos a un tratamiento integral.

MÉtodo: Se estudiaron 76 pacientes con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) ≥ 40 kg/m² previamente a la cirugía bariátrica. Un grupo fue tratado con una dieta hipocalórica hiperproteica y se comparó con una dieta hipocalórica normoproteica. Se evaluaron parámetros bioquímicos, parámetros antropométricos, composición corporal y valores de citocinas inflamatorias en suero al inicio y después de 4 meses de tratamiento.

Resultados: En ambos grupos se observó una disminución de peso, de IMC y de masa grasa, así como un incremento de la masa muscular respecto al momento basal (p < 0.05), sin diferencias entre los grupos estudiados. No se encontraron cambios en los parámetros bioquímicos ni en las concentraciones séricas de factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF) e interleucina (IL)-6 antes y después de 4 meses de tratamiento, ni entre los grupos evaluados (p > 0.05). Las concentraciones séricas de IL-1β disminuyeron únicamente con la dieta hipocalórica normoproteica (p = 0.02).

Conclusiones: La dieta hipocalórica hiperproteica no muestra ventajas en la reducción de peso y grasa corporal, ni en la ganancia de masa muscular, en comparación con la dieta hipocalórica normoproteica en pacientes con obesidad mórbida precirugia bariátrica sometidos a un tratamiento integral.

Objective: Compare the effectiveness of a hyperproteic hypocaloric feeding plan with a normoproteic on body composition, biochemical parameters and inflammatory cytokines in obese pre-bariatric surgery patients in the integral treatment.

Method: Seventy-six pre-bariatric surgery patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m² were studied. One group was treated with a hyperproteic hypocaloric diet and compared with a normoproteic hypocaloric diet. Biochemical parameters, anthropometric parameters, body composition and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in serum were evaluated at the initiation of treatment and after 4 months.

Results: In both groups studied, a decrease in weight, BMI and fat mass was observed, as well as an increase in muscle mass compared to baseline (p < 0.05), no differences showed between the groups studied. No change was found in the biochemical parameters and serum levels of TNF and IL-6 before and after 4 months of treatment, nor among the groups evaluated (p > 0.05). Serum IL-1β levels decreased after treatment with only a normoprotein hypocaloric diet (p = 0.02). ­.

Conclusions: Hyperproteic hypocaloric diet does not show advantages in weight reduction and body fat or in muscle mass gain compared to the normoproteic hypocaloric diet in patients with morbid obesity bariatric pre-surgery in the integral treatment.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.24875/CIRU.18000299DOI Listing

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