Although Seishu Hanaoka glories in the history of anesthesia in Japan, misunderstandings of his medicine and philosophy are widespread among the public as well as physicians. The incorrect opinions include: 1) he kept his art under wraps, 2) therefore his medicine did not prevail through the country, 3) the general anesthetic that he developed was formally called Tsu- sensan but not Mafutsusan, 4) his surgical art was too transcendent to be learned by his disciples, and 5) erroneous views of Seishu's maxim Naigai Goitsu Ka- tsubutsu Kyuri. Teachers of anesthesiology in any edu- cational institution are required to have correct under- standings of these subjects because the name of Hana- oka is well known among foreign anesthesiologists and they have much interests in his medicine and philoso- phy.
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Although Seishu Hanaoka glories in the history of anesthesia in Japan, misunderstandings of his medicine and philosophy are widespread among the public as well as physicians. The incorrect opinions include: 1) he kept his art under wraps, 2) therefore his medicine did not prevail through the country, 3) the general anesthetic that he developed was formally called Tsu- sensan but not Mafutsusan, 4) his surgical art was too transcendent to be learned by his disciples, and 5) erroneous views of Seishu's maxim Naigai Goitsu Ka- tsubutsu Kyuri. Teachers of anesthesiology in any edu- cational institution are required to have correct under- standings of these subjects because the name of Hana- oka is well known among foreign anesthesiologists and they have much interests in his medicine and philoso- phy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is widespread even among medical professionals as well as medical historians that the formal term of the general anesthetic that Hanaoka developed is Tsusensan and its alias name is Mafutsusan. Hanaoka himself, however, described it as Mafutsusan in his Nyugan Chikenroku, the case report of the first breast cancer excision under general anesthesia with the anesthetic, and a large number of his disciples all used the term Mafutsusan to denote the anesthetic in their manuscripts. The description of Tsusensan has not been found in the documents written in the Edo period, and this name is detected only in the epitaph of Hanaoka.
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