[Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors involved in excess weight].

Objectives: given the growing increase in overweight and obesity, it is important to pay attention to all sociodemographic and lifestyle influences that contribute to unbalance the energy balance, favoring this trend.

Methods: bibliographic searching in relation to the subject.

Results: as factors associated with the obesity condition, it is observed that sedentary lifestyle, scarce physical activity, passive leisure and a high number of hours in front of screens (TV, computer...) and reduction in the time spent sleeping. Moreover, low level of income and low educational level, favor excess weight, there being an additional association between these sociodemographic factors with non-compliance with the Dietary Guidelines and the gap of the diet from to what is marked as advisable. Particularly, spent a lot of time in front of a screen and a short duration of sleep are associated with more frequent consumption of foods with high energy density and few micronutrients and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Specifically, in men and adjusting for age, it is observed that an insufficient intake of cereals (< 4 servings / day) and fruits and vegetables (< 5 servings / day) is associated with greater risk of overweight and of central adiposity, being remarkable the worst adherence to recommended dietary guidelines in individuals with excess weight and central adiposity.

Conclusions: strategies to prevent and reduce excess weight should consider these influences, which are associated and potentiated, in order to achieve more efficiency in the weight improvement of the population.