Enterovirus 71 is the main pathogen that causes severe and fatal hand-foot-mouth-disease (HFMD) cases. As the enterovirus virus mutation has implications for pathogenesis, vaccine development, antiviral therapy, and epidemiological disease management of the virus. In this study, we investigated the variations of enterovirus 71 in thermal adaption, using the method of adaptive laboratory evolution. The sibling virus strains were isolated from a 2-year-old severe case of HFMD (#100) and her symptomless close contact (#101). Both strains were cultured in Vero cells by serial passage of 36 generations at the temperatures of 28.0 °C, 33.0 °C and 39.5 °C to construct adaptive lineages. According to the comparative analysis of phenotypes between adapted strains and parental strains, differences in growth rate were observed in the sibling lineages and a larger plaque was found mainly in the hot adapted strains for lineage #101. Two sets of adaptive strains from six time points (parental, 12th 17th, 31st, 35th passage and endpoint) were sequenced and analyzed by both Sanger sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing. Several variations in most coding genes and one reverse mutation in 5'UTR was observed, along with the identity of 99.8% for complete genome for both lineages. Notably, thermal specific non-synonymous mutations were found in the gene of VP1\VP3\3A\2C\3C. Moreover, the concurrent mutations A292G, A434G and A355C/T of sibling lineages in VP1 showed quantificational trace with distinguishing patterns for different temperatures, which were suspected to be the thermo-sensitive mutation hotspots. These results highlight the possible rules of thermal adaption in enterovirus 71, produce a novel picture of genome evolution of the virus, and shed light on viral variation and evolution.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.012 | DOI Listing |
Mol Ecol
December 2024
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Coral populations across the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) could rapidly adapt to the warming climate if they have standing genetic variation for thermal tolerance. Here, we describe a locus likely involved in latitudinal adaptation of Acropora millepora. This locus shows a steep latitudinal gradient of derived allele frequency increasing at higher latitudes, and harbours a cluster of eight tandemly repeated Δ9-desaturase genes adjacent to a region in the genome where a hard selective sweep likely occurred.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Biol
December 2024
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Sections Integrative Ecophysiology and Deep-Sea Ecology & Technology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany.
Increasing frequencies of heatwaves threaten marine ectotherm species but not all alike. In exposed habitats, some species rely on a higher capacity for passive tolerance at higher temperatures, thereby extending time-dependent survival limits. Here we assess how the involvement of the cardiovascular system in extended tolerance at the margins of the thermal performance curve is dependent on warming rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough we have evidence that many organisms are exhibiting declines in body size in response to climate warming, we have little knowledge of underlying mechanisms or how associated phenotypic suites may coevolve. The better we understand coadaptations among physiology, morphology, and life history, the more accurate our predictions will be of organismal response to changing thermal environments. This is especially salient for ectotherms because they comprise 99% of species worldwide and are key to functioning ecosystems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Genet
December 2024
Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Taurine and indicine gray cattle represent relevant livestock resources in many countries of the world. A gray coat color and pigmented skin, which are common in most of the gray cattle breeds, have been demonstrated to confer better adaptation to solar radiation and thermal stresses. In a previous study adopting the F-outlier approach with BayeScan v2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Tianjin University, Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA.
Multispectral camouflage materials play a vital role in sophisticated multi-band electromagnetic (EM) applications. However, conventional single-band stealth is difficult to align with the growing demand for multi-band compatibility and intelligent adaptation. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of cephalopod-inspired MXene-integrated cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (MXene-CLCEs) with multispectral camouflage capability, which was fabricated through in situ thiol-acrylate Michael addition and free-radical photopolymerization of CLCE precursor and isocyanate-mediated robust covalent chemical bonding of MXene nanocoating at the interface.
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