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Enhancing prostate cancer segmentation in bpMRI: Integrating zonal awareness into attention-guided U-Net.
Digit Health
January 2025
Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in males worldwide, requiring improvements in diagnostic imaging to identify and treat it at an early stage. Bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) is recognized as an essential diagnostic technique for PCa, providing shorter acquisition times and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, accurate diagnosis using bpMRI images is difficult due to the inconspicuous and diverse characteristics of malignant tumors and the intricate structure of the prostate gland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObservations of Score Changes Between USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Among Students of Different Demographic Groups in a Longitudinal Clinical Curriculum.
J Med Educ Curric Dev
January 2025
Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Background: The transition of the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 to a pass/fail scoring system is reshaping its role in medical students' residency placements. This compels institutions to rethink Step 2 preparation strategies, raising concerns about a clerkship's impact on various student groups. Traditionally, medical schools followed the traditional block rotation model for clerkships, which limits longitudinal learning, and many schools are switching to longitudinal integrated clerkships and longitudinal interleaved clerkships (LInCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGait, balance, and physical performance as markers of early Alzheimer's disease and related dementia risk.
J Alzheimers Dis
January 2025
Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Background: Declining physical functionality is an indicator of cognitive impairment, distinguishing normal cognition (NC) from dementia. Whether this extends to pre-dementia stages is unclear.
Objective: Assess physical performance patterns, evaluate relationships with imaging biomarkers, and identify specific measures distinguishing NC, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Insights into the flexibility of the domain-linking loop in actinobacterial coproheme decarboxylase through structures and molecular dynamics simulations.
Protein Sci
February 2025
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria.
Prokaryotic heme biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria follows the coproporphyrin-dependent heme biosynthesis pathway. The last step in this pathway is catalyzed by the enzyme coproheme decarboxylase, which oxidatively transforms two propionate groups into vinyl groups yielding heme b. The catalytic reaction cycle of coproheme decarboxylases exhibits four different states: the apo-form, the substrate (coproheme)-bound form, a transient three-propionate intermediate form (monovinyl, monopropionate deuteroheme; MMD), and the product (heme b)-bound form.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent research and guidelines for euthanasia in laboratory fish with a focus on fathead minnows.
Lab Anim
January 2025
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Canada.
This paper reviews the methods and approaches used to humanely anesthetize (render unconscious) and or euthanize (kill) laboratory fish (in research settings), with a specific focus on the fathead minnow. We surveyed the literature (333 scientific studies published 2004-2021) to examine euthanasia methods used for various life stages. Our findings showed that many published scientific papers do not provide an adequate description of anesthesia or euthanasia methods, particularly for larval fathead minnows.
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