The objective was to estimate the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in healthy women and patients with altered vaginal microflora. Vaginal samples from 2594 unselected female patients were divided into normal, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and aerobic vaginitis (AV) groups and tested for U. parvum, U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Normal flora was detected in 1773 patients (68.4%), BV in 754 patients (29.1%), and AV in 67 patients (2.6%). In the control group, 771 (43.5%) patients were U. parvum positive, 104 (5.9%) were U. urealyticum positive, and 158 (8.9%) were M. hominis positive. In the BV group, those bacteria were detected in 452 (59.9%), 102 (13.5%), and 202 (26.8%) patients, respectively (P < 0.001); in the AV group, those were detected in 16 (23.9%), 3 (4.5%), and 4 (6.0%) patients, respectively (P < 0.001; 0.63 and 0.40, respectively). This study demonstrated that mycoplasmas may be a marker or a symbiont of the BV flora but not AV flora.
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