ESBL-Producing in the Broiler Production Chain and the First Description of ST3128.

ESBL-producing represent an increasing problem both in human and veterinary medicine. As SHV-2 - encoding were recently detected in the broiler production we were interested in investigating a possible transmission along the broiler production chain and furthermore, in evaluating their possible impact on human health. Therefore, 41 ESBL-producing originating from a parent flock, from the hatcherys' environment during the hatching of that parent flocks' chickens, and from an associated fattening flock were investigated on an Illumina Miseq. Whole genome sequences were analyzed concerning their MLST-type, cgMLST-type, genotypic and phenotypic resistance, plasmid profiles and virulence genes. Irrespective of the origin of isolation all investigated isolates were multi-drug resistant, harbored the same ESBL-gene , shared the same sequence type (ST3128) and displayed 100% similarity in core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). In addition, plasmid typing found several Inc/Rep types associated with ESBL-plasmids. Summarizing, identical clones of SHV-2-producing were detected in different stages of the industrial broiler production in one out of seven investigated broiler chains. This proves the possibility of pseudo-vertical transmission of multi-resistant human pathogens from parent flocks to hatcheries and fattening flocks. Furthermore, the importance of cross-contamination along the production chain was shown. Although the ESBL-producing clone detected here in the broiler production has not been associated with clinical settings so far, our findings present a potential public health threat.