Spatially resolved extreme ultraviolet reflectometry is presented in application to a local characterization of thin non-uniform contamination layers. Sample reflectivity mapping is performed, demonstrating high chemical sensitivity of the technique. Amorphous Al₂O₃ and carbon are determined as the contaminants of the studied silicon wafer. The results correlate with those obtained by energy-filtering photoemission electron microscopy. A laboratory tool is developed that is capable of multi-angle (2°-15°) and spectrally broadband (9.5-17 nm) extreme ultraviolet reflectometry at grazing incidence combined with a reduced sample illumination spot size, enabling spatially resolved metrology. A minimum EUV spot size of 25×30 m in the sample plane is achieved experimentally.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16470 | DOI Listing |
Nat Methods
January 2025
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
The phenotypic and functional states of cells are modulated by a complex interactive molecular hierarchy of multiple omics layers, involving the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Spatial omics approaches have enabled the study of these layers in tissue context but are often limited to one or two modalities, offering an incomplete view of cellular identity. Here we present spatial-Mux-seq, a multimodal spatial technology that allows simultaneous profiling of five different modalities: two histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, whole transcriptome and a panel of proteins at tissue scale and cellular level in a spatially resolved manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Sci
January 2025
Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 32310; Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 32310. Electronic address:
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) represent an important class of biologic therapeutics that can treat a variety of diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders or respiratory conditions (e.g. COVID-19).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Biomater
January 2025
Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK. Electronic address:
The biomechanical properties of articular cartilage arise from a complex bioenvironment comprising hierarchically organised collagen networks within the extracellular matrix (ECM) that interact with the proteoglycan-rich interstitial fluid. This network features a depth-dependent fibril organisation across different zones. Understanding how collagen fibrils respond to external loading is key to elucidating the mechanisms behind lesion and managing degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcology
January 2025
Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice-free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity-related studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Plant Microbe Interact
January 2025
Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Iron plays a prominent role in various biological processes and is an essential element in almost all organisms, including plant-pathogenic fungi. As a transition element, iron occurs in two redox states, Fe and Fe, the transition between which generates distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as HO, OH anions, and toxic OH· radicals. Thus, the redox status of Fe determines ROS formation in pathogen attack and plant defense and governs the outcome of pathogenic interactions.
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