The primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum is a rare tumor that presents epidemiological, etiopathogenic and evolutionary characteristics different from those of adenocarcinoma . We report the case of a primary squamous cell carcinoma well differentiated from medium-high rectal junction in a 59 year old patient treated with a chemoradiation first ,followed by surgical resection. However, the anatomical examination of the surgical specimen did not show tumoral tissue.
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