T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a specialized subset of CD4 T cells that collaborate with B cells to promote and regulate humoral responses. Unlike other CD4 effector lineages, Tfh cells require interactions with both dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells to complete their differentiation. While numerous studies have assessed the potential of different DC subsets to support Tfh priming, the conclusions of these studies depend heavily on the model and method of immunization used. We propose that the location of different DC subsets within the lymph node (LN) and their access to antigen determine their potency in Tfh priming. Finally, we provide a three-step model that accounts for the ability of multiple DC subsets and related lineages to support the Tfh differentiation program.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02169 | DOI Listing |
Rheumatology (Oxford)
January 2025
Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
Objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large/medium-vessel granulomatous vasculitis, and the PD-1/PD-L1 coinhibitory pathway seems to be implicated in its pathogenesis. CD4 T cells expressing high PD-1 levels, CD4+CXCR5-PD-1hi peripheral helper (Tph) and CD4+CXCR5+PD-1hi follicular helper T cells (Tfh), are key mediators of autoimmunity. Their frequencies are elevated in the peripheral blood of subjects with several autoimmune conditions but have not been investigated in GCA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Introduction: Vaccine platforms such as viral vectors and mRNA can accelerate vaccine development in response to newly emerging pathogens, as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the differential effects of platform and antigen insert on vaccine immunogenicity remain incompletely understood. Innate immune responses induced by viral vector vaccines are suggested to have an adjuvant effect for subsequent adaptive immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Cancer Res
January 2025
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Purpose: Activating T cell costimulatory receptors is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. In preclinical work, adding an OX40 agonist to in situ vaccination (ISV) with SD101, a TLR9 agonist, was curative in a mouse model of lymphoma. We sought to test this combination in a Phase I clinical trial for patients with low-grade B cell lymphoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow, leading to immune dysregulation with impaired humoral immune responses. Conversely, cellular-based responses play a vital role in MM patients. However, the extent and duration of cellular-induced protection remain unclear to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Transl Med
January 2025
Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Current desensitization and maintenance immunosuppression regimens for kidney transplantation in sensitized individuals show limited ability to control the posttransplant humoral response, resulting in high rates of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) and graft failure. Here, we showed that anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunosuppression more effectively controlled allograft rejection and humoral rebound in a highly sensitized nonhuman primate kidney transplantation model compared with tacrolimus-based standard-of-care (SOC) immunosuppression. Desensitization with an anti-CD154 mAb (5C8) and a proteasome inhibitor led to decreased donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) and disruption of lymph node germinal centers with reduction of proliferating, memory, and class-switched B cells as well as T follicular helper cells.
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