Thirty-one patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were given either an intraarterial injection of iodized poppyseed oil (Lipiodol) alone (group A, n = 6), an emulsion of iodized oil and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) (group B, n = 15), or chemoembolization with the same emulsion followed by gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) particles (group C, n = 10). Hepatic resection was subsequently performed. The frequencies of complete necrosis of tumor in the main lesion, daughter tumors, tumor thrombus, and foci of intracapsular invasion were evaluated in the cut surface of the resected specimen. Group C demonstrated the best therapeutic effects, showing complete necrosis of the main lesion in 83% (P less than .01), daughter tumors in 53% (P less than .01), tumor thrombus in 17%, and foci of intracapsular invasion in 67%. These results are superior to those reported previously for chemoembolization without iodized oil. Group B showed better results than group A, but the difference was not significant. Iodized oil alone (group A) had practically no therapeutic effect but was helpful in differentiating small HCC from regenerative nodules.
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