Inflammation, as a common immune response to various infections or injuries, can cause many dangerous and complicated diseases. Inflammasome is a protein complex playing a vital role in an inflammation process, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been the most-widely studied one. Recent evidence suggests the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NLRP3 signaling pathway to be a possible NLRP3 inflammasome regulation model. Numerous recent preclinical reports indicate that application of antioxidants could scavenge excessive ROS and attenuate inflammatory responses through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This article, at first, briefly overviews how ROS may mediate the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Then, preclinical researches of various ROS scavengers for treating NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases are focused on and critically analyzed. Finally, the potential of antioxidant treatment as a therapy for inflammation is to be discussed, and perspectives on future research directions will be shared.
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