Homodimeric antibodies devoid of light chains have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, yet their specific immunological functions remain poorly understood. We survey the molecular and structural features of these antibodies, their immunological functions in host defense, and reflect on the long-standing question of the evolutionary forces driving their emergence.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2018.09.008 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305.
Immunological interventions, like vaccinations, are enabled by the predictive control of humoral responses to novel antigens. While the development trajectories for many broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been measured, it is less established how human subtype-specific antibodies develop from their precursors. In this work, we evaluated the retrospective development trajectories for eight anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike human antibodies (Abs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein Sci
February 2025
Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
The chemokine XC motif chemokine ligand 1 (XCL1) is an unusually specialized member of a conserved family of around 50 small, secreted proteins that are best known for their ability to stimulate the directional migration of cells. All chemokines adopt a very similar folded structure that binds a specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and most chemokines bind extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans, often in a dimeric or oligomeric form. Owing in part to the lack of a disulfide bond that is conserved in all other chemokines, XCL1 interconverts between two distinct structures with distinct functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Drug Discov
January 2025
Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Introduction: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) comprises a clinically diverse and genetically heterogeneous group of tumors along the intra- and extrahepatic biliary system (intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) and gallbladder cancer with the common feature of a poor prognosis, despite increasing molecular knowledge of associated genetic aberrations and possible targeted therapies. Therefore, the search for even more precise and individualized therapies is ongoing and preclinical tumor models are central to the development of such new approaches.
Areas Covered: The models described in the current review include simple and advanced in vitro and in vivo models, including cell lines, 2D monolayer, spheroid and organoid cultures, 3D bioprinting, patient-derived xenografts, and more recently, machine-perfusion platform-based models of resected liver specimens.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) is a significant contributor to respiratory tract infections in children and is implicated in asthma exacerbations across all age groups. Despite its impact, there is currently no licensed vaccine available for HRV-C. Here, we present a novel approach to address this gap by employing immunoinformatics techniques for the design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine against HRV-C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Object: We aim to explore the immunomodulatory properties of T cells on different titanium nanotubes and the key immunological factors involved in this process.
Methods: Transcriptome data from GEO database of healthy people and healthy implants were used to analyze cell infiltration and factor distribution of adaptive immune using bioinformatics tools. T cells from activated rat were cultured on titanium nanotubes that were prepared by anodization with different diameters (P-0, NT15-30 nm, NT40-100 nm, NT70-200 nm).
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