Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Background And Purpose: Increasing aging populations in the United States means an increasing number of persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) requiring competent pharmaceutical care. The workshop was designed and implemented to integrate pharmacology and therapeutics in management of PD and AD, and evaluate efficacy of students' high-cognitive thinking, and self-rated knowledge improvement, confidence, and interest in the subject.
Education Activity And Setting: Third-year pharmacy students participated in a three-hour workshop comprised of a foundational knowledge quiz from pathophysiology, pharmacology and therapeutics, performance on high-cognitive thinking in clinical scenarios, and hands-on activities in pharmacology and therapeutics related to PD and AD care. Pre- and post-education, Likert-style questions assessed students' self-rated confidence, interest and knowledge improvement. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and chi-square analyses were performed using Stata 10.1 statistical software (College Station, TX: Stata Corp LP).
Findings: Eighty-four of 93 students (90.3%) completed all workshop activities. Students' ability to apply knowledge in complex case mediation problems was not associated with performance on baseline quiz questions (Pearson r: 0.03-0.17). Completion of structured, hands-on active learning integrating clinical pharmacology and therapeutics had measurable immediate benefit solving high-cognitive order problems in clinical scenarios (p < 0.05). Hands-on activity also increased mean self-rated confidence (p < 0.01). Students (85.6%) reported knowledge improved "somewhat" or "very much" after the activity. Mean scores before and after hands-on activity were not associated with interest in the topic.
Summary: Structured, hands-on workshops can aid comprehension of taught/lectured material and its application to PD and AD, and is a way for instructors to close gaps between didactic lecture and clinical practice.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2018.05.004 | DOI Listing |
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!