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Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are antimicrobial peptides with a central β-hairpin structure able to bind to microbial components. Mining sequence databases for ALFs allowed us to show the remarkable diversity of ALF sequences in shrimp. We found at least seven members of the ALF family (Groups A to G), including two novel Groups (F and G), all of which are encoded by different loci with conserved gene organization. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that gene expansion and subsequent diversification of the ALF family occurred in crustaceans before shrimp speciation occurred. The transcriptional profile of ALFs was compared in terms of tissue distribution, response to two pathogens and during shrimp development in , the most cultivated species. ALFs were found to be constitutively expressed in hemocytes and to respond differently to tissue damage. While synthetic β-hairpins of Groups E and G displayed both antibacterial and antifungal activities, no activity was recorded for Group F β-hairpins. Altogether, our results showed that ALFs form a family of shrimp AMPs that has been the subject of intense diversification. The different genes differ in terms of tissue expression, regulation and function. These data strongly suggest that multiple selection pressures have led to functional diversification of ALFs in shrimp.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16100381 | DOI Listing |
J Agric Food Chem
December 2024
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a critical indicator of the beef nutritional value and flavor. In this study, we focused on bta-miR-484, a microRNA that is differentially expressed during the adipogenic differentiation of bovine intramuscular adipocytes and is negatively correlated with the IMF content across different cattle breeds. Our findings demonstrate that bta-miR-484 inhibits adipogenic differentiation without altering the fatty acid composition of bovine intramuscular adipocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Reprod
December 2024
IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
Study Question: Is it possible to predict an euploid chromosomal constitution and identify a transcriptomic profile compatible with extended embryonic development from RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data?
Summary Answer: It has been possible to obtain a karyotype comparable to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), in addition to a transcriptomic signature of embryos which might be suggestive of improved implantation capacity.
What Is Known Already: Conventional assessment of embryo competence, based on morphology and morphokinetic, lacks knowledge of molecular aspects and faces controversy in predicting ploidy status. Understanding the embryonic transcriptome is crucial, as gene expression influences development and implantation.
Cytotherapy
December 2024
Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Inc., Lakewood, Colorado, USA.
Background Aims: The need for large-scale production of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cellular therapeutics continues to grow around the globe. Manual cell expansion processes can be highly variable between operators, require significant hands-on time from skilled staff and, because of the large number of open manipulation steps required to produce cells in dose-relevant quantities, be prone to greater risk of contamination relative to automated processes. All of these can increase overall production costs and risks to the patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO, USA.
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, including BRD4, bind acetylated chromatin and co-activate gene transcription. A BET inhibitor, JQ1, prevents and reverses pathological cardiac remodeling in preclinical models of heart failure. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms by which JQ1 improves cardiac structure and function remain poorly defined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Allergy Asthma Immunol
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA. Electronic address:
Inborn Errors of Immunity are a rapidly expanding group of monogenetic disorders affecting the immune system. Advancements in genetic testing and functional validation studies have accelerated the pace of IEI gene discovery and mechanism of disease, particularly in the past five years. To keep up with this rapid expansion, the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) Expert Committee has periodically, since 1999, released updated IEI classifications with corresponding genotypic and phenotypic catalogues with its most recent update in 2022.
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