Developed and validated analytical methods for the determination of a wide spectrum of pesticide residues in honey and honeybee samples after the modification of QuEChERS extraction in combination with gas chromatography⁻tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography⁻tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were discussed and compared. The developed methods were evaluated regarding the utilized equipment and reagents using Eco-Scale and compared in terms of extraction time, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and versatility, with similar procedures. The results proved that the QuEChERS protocol in combination with LC and GC techniques fulfills the requirements of green analytical chemistry, so it can be used as a tool in environmental monitoring. The recovery was 85⁻116% for honey and 85.5⁻103.5% for honeybee samples. The developed methods were successfully applied in monitoring real samples collected from three districts of Pomerania in Poland. Analysis of real samples revealed the presence of the following pesticides: bifenthrin, fenpyroximate, methidathione, spinosad, thiamethoxam, triazophos, metconazole and cypermethrin at levels higher than the MRLs established by the EU.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102582 | DOI Listing |
Food Sci Nutr
December 2024
Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University Giza Egypt.
This study explores honeybee as a food source through chemical analysis of pupa and adult stages of honeybee drones and workers ( L.). The findings reveal that drones exhibited higher protein and fat content, while workers have the highest carbohydrate levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
Little is known about the potential impact of point source contamination from seed treatment pesticide residues and degradation products in waste products in treated seed. The presence of these pesticides and their degradation products in the environment has been associated with toxic effects on non-target organisms including bees, aquatic organisms and humans. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of twenty-two pesticide residues and their degradation products in two streams receiving runoff from land-applied wet cake, applied and spilled wastewater originating at a biofuels production facility using pesticide-treated seed as a feedstock.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Food
December 2024
Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, University of São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Stingless bee honey is a natural product consisting of sugars, organic acids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Due to its healing properties, honey is often used in phytotherapy and for homemade syrups. The search for natural therapeutic alternatives has been an increasing trend in recent years, mainly due to the side effects of artificial drugs and increasing antibiotic resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res Commun
December 2024
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119, Elazıg, Türkiye.
Varroa species, commonly known as the honey bee mites, poses a significant challenge to the worldwide beekeeping industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of haplotype variation on morphology of Varroa destructor. Forty-one apiaries across Bingol province (Türkiye) and its districts were visited using random sampling to examine 2440 honey bee colonies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Res (Camb)
December 2024
Bee Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki 12619, Giza, EGYPT.
A growing trend in understanding human health involves looking at the bigger picture by examining all potential environmental exposures that may cause health risks, with a particular focus on dietary intake of anthropogenic chemicals. This study investigated the presence of pesticide residues in honey and pollen samples collected randomly from ten locations in four agricultural governorates during the spring season of 2023 in the Nile Delta, Egypt. A QuEChERS extraction was employed for sample preparation before GC-MS analysis for pesticide residues.
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