To understand speech, the slowly varying outline, or envelope, of the acoustic stimulus is used to distinguish words. A small amount of information about the envelope is sufficient for speech recognition, but the mechanism used by the auditory system to extract the envelope is not known. Several different theories have been proposed, including envelope detection by auditory nerve dendrites as well as various mechanisms involving the sensory hair cells. We used recordings from human and animal inner ears to show that the dominant mechanism for envelope detection is distortion introduced by mechanoelectrical transduction channels. This electrical distortion, which is not apparent in the sound-evoked vibrations of the basilar membrane, tracks the envelope, excites the auditory nerve, and transmits information about the shape of the envelope to the brain.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6177430 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06725-w | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of the antituberculosis drug candidate BTZ-043 in South Africa (PanACEA-BTZ-043-02): an open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial.
Lancet Microbe
December 2024
Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection, and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany; Unit Global Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address:
Background: The broad use of bedaquiline and pretomanid as the mainstay of new regimens to combat tuberculosis is a risk due to increasing bedaquiline resistance. We aimed to assess the safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of BTZ-043, a first-in-class DprE1 inhibitor with strong bactericidal activity in murine models.
Methods: This open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial was conducted in two specialised tuberculosis sites in Cape Town, South Africa.
Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma with pagetoid spread arising in periapical odontogenic epithelium of the maxilla.
Med Mol Morphol
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
To date, pagetoid spread-the proliferation of pagetoid cells in intraepidermal lesions, as observed in secondary extramammary Paget's disease-has not been reported in squamous epithelium derived from the extension of head and neck carcinomas. Herein, we report a case of pagetoid squamous cell proliferation associated with a primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) arising in the periapical lesion of the maxilla, a finding not reported previously. A 60-year-old man presented with prostate adenocarcinoma and bilateral pubic bone, ilium bone, and sacral bone metastases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment and Application of a Fully Automated Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibodies Against Porcine Circovirus 3 Cap.
Viruses
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a small non-enveloped circovirus associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). It has occurred worldwide and poses a serious threat to the pig industry. However, there is no commercially available vaccine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of a Large-Volume Concentration Method to Recover Infectious Avian Influenza Virus from the Aquatic Environment.
Viruses
December 2024
U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 5840 Enterprise Drive, Lansing, MI 48911, USA.
Since late 2021, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have caused a record number of mortalities in wild birds, domestic poultry, and mammals in North America. Wetlands are plausible environmental reservoirs of avian influenza virus; however, the transmission and persistence of the virus in the aquatic environment are poorly understood. To explore environmental contamination with the avian influenza virus, a large-volume concentration method for detecting infectious avian influenza virus in waterbodies was developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPersistent Rhesus Enteric Calicivirus Infection in Recombinant CHO Cells Expressing the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor.
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Recently, using a panel of recombinant CHO cell lines, we identified the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) or sialic acid as the minimum requirement for susceptibility to rhesus enteric calicivirus (ReCV) infections. While ReCVs cause lytic infection in LLC-MK2 cells, recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell lines did not exhibit any morphological changes upon infection. To monitor infectious virus production, rCHO cell cultures had to be freeze-thawed and titrated on LLC-MK2 monolayers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!