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Risk factors for the incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus into poultry and other captive bird holdings in Denmark from 2020 to 2023: A case-control study.
Prev Vet Med
January 2025
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a major concern in terms of animal and human health. Between October 2020 and September 2023, there were 36 HPAI outbreaks detected in poultry and other captive birds in Denmark. However, it is often not possible to determine the exact route of introduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe PANDEM-2 Simulation Exercise: Training the Coordinated Response to a Large-Scale Pandemic in 2 European Public Health Emergency Operations Centers.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep
January 2025
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Objective: In the course of the EU funded Pandemic Preparedness and Response (PANDEM-2) project, a functional exercise (FX) was conducted to train the coordinated response to a large-scale pandemic event in Europe by using new IT solutions developed by the project. This report provides an overview of the steps involved in planning, conducting, and evaluating the FX.
Methods: The FX design was based on the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) simulation exercise cycle for public health settings and was carried out over 2 days in the German and Dutch national public health institutes (PHI), with support from other consortium PHIs.
Differential roles of human CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells in controlling self-reactive immune responses.
Nat Immunol
January 2025
Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Here we analyzed the relative contributions of CD4 regulatory T cells expressing Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) and CD8 regulatory T cells expressing killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors to the control of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes in human tonsil-derived immune organoids. FOXP3 and GZMB respectively encode proteins FOXP3 and granzyme B, which are critical to the suppressive functions of CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we were able to achieve a reduction of ~90-95% in the expression of these genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev).
J Virus Erad
December 2024
Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.
Background: While certain studies have demonstrated that antiviral treatment administered to index patients with influenza can mitigate the transmission within households, the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in curtailing household transmission remains to be conclusively established.
Methods: A retrospective study conducted from April 2021 to May 2022 across multiple centers in Thailand compared 892 individuals treated with favipiravir to 84 who received standard treatment among mild to moderate COVID-19 index patients. The study focused on the impact of favipiravir treatment in reducing household SARS-CoV-2 transmission by examining the secondary attack rate.
Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses in Brazil: insights from a nationwide analysis.
Virus Evol
November 2024
Center for Viral Surveillance and Serological Assessment (CeVIVAS), Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
Influenza A and B viruses represent significant global health threats, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality rates. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these viruses in Brazil, a continental-size country and a crucial hub for the entry, circulation, and dissemination of influenza viruses within South America, still needs to be improved. This study addresses this gap by consolidating data and samples across all Brazilian macroregions, as part of the Center for Viral Surveillance and Serological Assessment project, together with an extensive number of other Brazilian sequences provided by a public database during the epidemic seasons spanning 2021-23.
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