To improve our understanding of chlorine chemistry indoors, reactive chlorine species such as hydrogen chloride (HCl) must be analyzed using fast time-response measurement techniques. Although well studied outdoors, sources of HCl indoors are unknown. In this study, mixing ratios of gaseous HCl were measured at 0.5 Hz in the indoor environment using a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) instrument. The CRDS measurement rate provides a major advance in observational capability compared to other established techniques. Measurements of HCl were performed during three types of household activities: (a) floor exposure to bleach, (b) chlorinated and nonchlorinated detergent use in household dishwashers, and (c) cooking events. Surface application of bleach resulted in a reproducible increase of 0.1 ppbv in the affected room. Emissions of HCl from automated dishwashers were observed only when chlorinated detergents were used, with additional HCl emitted during the drying cycle. Increased mixing ratios of HCl were also observed during meal preparation on an electric element stovetop. These observations of HCl derived from household activities indicate either direct emission or secondary production of HCl via chlorine atoms is possible. Calculations of photolysis rate constants of chlorine atom precursors provide evidence that photolysis may contribute to indoor HCl levels.
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Cureus
December 2024
Family Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Chatsworth, USA.
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, chronic B-cell malignancy with an indolent course that typically responds well to purine nucleoside analogs, such as cladribine. We present the case of a 74-year-old woman with nearly three decades of recurrent HCL, marked by multiple relapses and significant toxicities to various treatments, including purine analogs, BRAF inhibitors, BTK inhibitors, a cytoreductive agent, and the monoclonal antibody rituximab. Despite severe allergic reactions and intolerances to standard therapies, the patient achieved multiple remissions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
Palygorskite exhibits distinctive morphological and textural characteristics due to its fibrous and micropore nature. This research experimentally investigates the microstructure of palygorskite and how acid treatment changes the fibrous shape and ability to adsorb. Acetic and hydrochloric acid were used to study the effect of acid on palygorskite fibrous morphology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Respir J
January 2025
INSERM UMR_S 999 « Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
Background: European guidelines recommend initial monotherapy in PAH patients with cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities based on the limited of evidence for combination therapy in this growing population.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on incident PAH patients enrolled in the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry between 2009 and 2020. Propensity score matching was used to investigate initial dual oral combination therapy oral monotherapy in patients with at least one CV comorbidity (, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease).
Langmuir
January 2025
Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science, King Saud University, P. O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
A novel and eco-friendly route to synthesize boron, nitrogen codoped carbon dots using aniline, citric acid, and boric acid as precursor materials has been used successfully to reduce mild steel corrosion. This report describes the detailed weight-loss experiments, electrochemical measurements, and surface morphology analysis conducted to explore the efficacy of B,N-CDs as a highly effective corrosion controller for mild steel (MS) protection in 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl). The findings specify that B,N-CDs significantly decreased the corrosion of MS and attained an inhibition capacity of up to 96.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Diabetes Endocrinol
January 2025
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Diabetes and Antenatal Care, Norfolk and Norwich NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK. Electronic address:
Background: Clinical guidelines in the UK and elsewhere do not specifically address hybrid closed loop (HCL) use in the postpartum period when the demands of caring for a newborn are paramount. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HCL use during the first 6 months postpartum compared with standard care.
Methods: In this prespecified extension to a multicentre, randomised controlled trial, pregnant women with type 1 diabetes at nine UK sites were followed up for 6 months postpartum.
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