Factors Associated with Secondary Functional Patency After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of the Early Failing or Immature Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for early failing hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and predictors of secondary functional patency (FP).

Methods: A review of our endovascular registry database showed that 61 patients with early failure after a surgically created AVF underwent endovascular intervention between 2011 and 2016. Median time from AVF creation to first intervention was 5.6 weeks. Median duration of follow-up was 14 months. Items related to the technical success rate and primary and secondary FP, and factors associated with secondary FP were analyzed.

Results: Technical success was achieved in 55 (90%) of 61 patients. The primary and secondary FP rates were 42% and 65% at 12 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that lesion length (HR; 1.15, P = 0.001) and lesions including juxta-AVF (the portion of fistula vein within 2 cm of the arteriovenous anastomosis, HR; 6.23, P = 0.008) were factors associated with reduced secondary FP. ROC curve analysis indicated lesion length with cutoff value ≥ 9 cm as a risk factor for reduced secondary FP. Secondary FP at 12 months for patients with no risk factors, with 1, and with 2 was 86%, 65%, and 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in secondary FP rates among these groups (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: A lesion length and juxta-AVF lesion are the risk factors for reduced secondary FP. The secondary FP rate at 12 months is acceptable in patients without risk factors.