Widespread amphotericin B-resistant strains of in Hamilton, Canada.

Purpose: Amphotericin B (AMB) is one of the major antifungal drugs used in the management of aspergillosis and is especially recommended for treating triazole-resistant strains of . However, relatively little is known about the AMB susceptibility patterns of in many parts of the world. This study aims to describe the AMB susceptibility patterns in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Methods: The in vitro susceptibilities of 195 environmental and clinical isolates to AMB were tested by the broth microdilution method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's guidelines. Catalase-generated oxygen bubbles trapped by Triton X-100 were used to quantify catalase activity in a representative group of isolates.

Results: Of the 195 isolates, 188 (96.4%) had the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AMB ≥2 mg/L, with approximately 80% and 20% of all clinical and environmental isolates having MICs of ≥ 4 mg/L. Overall, the clinical isolates were less susceptible to AMB than environmental isolates (-value <0.001). The strain with the highest AMB MIC (16 mg/L) had one of the highest catalase activities. However, there was no correlation between AMB MIC and catalase activity in our sample.

Conclusion: The widespread AMB resistance suggests that using AMB in the management of infections in Hamilton would likely result in treatment failure. Although high catalase activity may have contributed to AMB resistance in some isolates, the mechanism(s) for the observed AMB resistance in Hamilton is unknown and likely complex.