[Sleep Apnea].

In 2017 the German Sleep Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin, DGSM) published the new S3 guideline "Nonrestorative Sleep/Sleep Disorders, chapter "Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Adults".Sleep apnea contributes to an increased morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, e. g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and diabetes mellitus and is associated with an increased perioperative risk. It is also an important comorbidity in respiratory, neurologic and oncologic diseases. Treatment of sleep apnea can improve daytime sleepiness, quality of life und reduce blood pressure. In patients with atrial fibrillation, obstructive sleep apnea treatment should be optimized to improve treatment results. In addition to CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) therapy and mandibular advancement devices, there are new therapies (e. g. hypoglossal nerve stimulation). Telemonitoring can help to improved therapy adherence. Nevertheless, in a current study CPAP could not prevent cardiovascular events in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and established cardiovascular disease. Patients with predominantly central sleep apnea and systolic hear failure (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45 %) had an increased cardiovascular mortality when treated with adaptive servoventilation. Therefore, ASV is contraindicated in this small group of patients. Further studies are ongoing.