Adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 plus oxaliplatin improves survival of patients with gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy: A multicenter propensity score-matched study.

Aim: To investigate the safety and efficacy of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) as an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen in gastric cancer (GC) after D2 dissection.

Methods: GC Patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy from September 2009 to December 2011 in four Chinese institutions were enrolled. Patients with stage IB-IIIC GC, who received adjuvant SOX treatment were matched by propensity scores with those who underwent surgery alone and those who conducted capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) regimen. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared among the groups. In addition, adverse events in SOX patients were analyzed.

Results: Of 1944 GC patients who underwent D2 dissection, 867 were included for analysis. One hundred and seventeen patients treated with SOX were matched to 234 patients who conducted surgery alone. Fifty-seven patients treated with SOX were matched to 57 patients who received XELOX. The estimated five-year DFS was 57.5% in the adjuvant SOX group which was higher than that (44.6%) in the surgery alone group ( = 0.001); and the estimated five-year OS was 68.3% which was higher than that (45.8%) of surgery alone group ( < 0.001). Survival benefit was also revealed in stage III and > 60 years old subgroups ( < 0.001 and = 0.015, respectively). Compared with XELOX regimen, SOX showed no significant difference in DFS ( = 0.340) and OS ( = 0.361). The most common ≥ 3 grade adverse events of SOX regimen were neutropenia (22.6%), leukopenia (8.9%) and thrombocytopenia (5.6%).

Conclusion: Compared with surgery alone, SOX regimen significantly improves the long-term survival and has acceptable toxicity in patients with stage IB-IIIC GC after D2 dissection. It may be a novel adjuvant chemotherapy regimen in GC patients.