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Revisiting motor unit recruitment to TMS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: cortical inhibition is retained during voluntary contractions.
Exp Brain Res
January 2025
Dept. of Neurosurgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used for many years to study the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Based on single- or dual-pulse TMS and EMG and/or single motor unit (MU) recordings, many groups have described a loss of central inhibition as an early marker of ALS dysfunction, reflecting a state of cortical 'hyperexcitability'. This conclusion is not without its detractors, however, leading us to reexamine this issue using 4-pulse TMS, shown previously to be more effective for testing central motor pathway functional integrity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical, Electrodiagnostic, Sonographic, and Radiological Findings of Hirayama Disease: A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature.
Cureus
November 2024
Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, USA.
Hirayama disease (HD) is a rare disorder characterized by insidious asymmetric neurogenic atrophy primarily involving the upper extremities. HD most commonly affects adolescent males and has a favorable prognosis for arrest of progression. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies show chronic denervation changes in the distal upper extremity muscles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphometric and anatomic characteristics of pronator quadratus muscle.
Chin J Traumatol
September 2024
Anatomy Department, Istanbul Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey.
Purpose: In surgical procedures commonly employed for the management of scaphoid and distal radial fractures, the incision and dissection of the pronator quadratus muscle play a pivotal role. Nevertheless, comprehensive investigations into the anatomical intricacies of the pronator quadratus muscle have been relatively scarce within the clinical community. In light of this, our study endeavors to make a substantive contribution to the medical literature by conducting a meticulous examination of the morphology and morphometry of this muscle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedian nerve lesions in pediatric displaced supracondylar humerus fracture: A prospective neurological, electrodiagnostic and ultrasound characterization.
Eur J Neurol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFs) are common elbow fractures in kids, often leading to complications like median nerve and anterior interosseus nerve (AIN) injuries.
- Ten children were studied over approximately 11.6 months, with evaluations including standardized exams, high-resolution ultrasounds, and electrodiagnostic studies to assess nerve injuries.
- The findings revealed that most children had median nerve injuries, showing good recovery with conservative treatment, despite initial severe nerve issues and the development of neuromas at the fracture site.
Appendicular myology of Skorpiovenator bustingorryi: A first attempt to reconstruct pelvic and hindlimb musculature in an abelisaurid theropod.
Anat Rec (Hoboken)
January 2025
Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
We present the pelvic and hindlimb musculature of the abelisaurid Skorpiovenator bustingorryi, constituting the most comprehensive muscle reconstruction to date in ceratosaur theropods. Using extant phylogenetic bracket method, we reconstructed 39 muscles that can commonly found in extant archosaurs. Through the identification of bone correlates, we recognized thigh and hindlimb muscles including knee extensors, m.
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