Background: Although prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) has been linked with greater externalizing behavior, no studies have investigated heterogeneity of developmental trajectories in children with PCE to date. The present study aimed to: (1) identify developmental trajectories of externalizing problems in childhood by using a person-oriented analytic approach; (2) examine whether trajectories differ by PCE and other environmental and biological correlates; and (3) investigate how trajectories were associated with adolescent substance use and sexual behavior.
Methods: Adolescents (N = 386; 197 PCE, 187 non-cocaine exposed (NCE)), primarily African-American and of low socioeconomic status, were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth. Externalizing problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at ages 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Substance (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana) use, via self-report and biologic assays, and early (before age 15) sexual intercourse were assessed at age 15.
Results: Latent class growth modeling indicated four distinctive developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 12: low-decreasing group (32%); moderate-decreasing group (32%); accelerated risk group (14%); and elevated-chronic group (22%). PCE and maternal psychological distress interactively differentiated developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior, which were related to subsequent adolescent substance use and early sexual behavior differently across gender.
Conclusions: The two high-risk trajectories (accelerated risk and elevated-chronic groups), comprising 36% of the sample, identified in the present study may reflect multi-causality of early substance use and perhaps greater risk for transition to substance use disorders later in development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.007 | DOI Listing |
J Chem Phys
January 2025
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
Molecular dynamics simulations are pivotal in elucidating the intricate properties of biological molecules. Nonetheless, the reliability of their outcomes hinges on the precision of the molecular force field utilized. In this perspective, we present a comprehensive review of the developmental trajectory of the Amber additive protein force field, delving into researchers' persistent quest for higher precision force fields and the prevailing challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Aim: We review extensive results from two randomized controlled trials conducted over 9 years, comparing standard care (SC) in level-4 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) with SC plus Family Nurture Intervention (FNI).
Methods: FNI included ~six weeks of facilitated mother-infant interactions aimed at achieving mother-infant 'autonomic emotional connection', a novel construct that describes the emotional mother-baby relationship at the level of the autonomic nervous system.
Results And Conclusion: Thus far, 18 peer-reviewed publications documented significant positive short-and long-term effects of FNI on infant neurobehavioral functioning, developmental trajectories and both mother and child autonomic health through five years.
Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry
January 2024
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Introduction: Regulatory problems of eating, sleeping, and crying in infancy may index mental health vulnerability in older ages, and knowledge is needed to inform strategies to break the developmental trajectories of dysregulation in early childhood. In this study, we examined the prospective associations between infant regulatory problems at the age of 8-10 months identified by community health nurses (CHN) and mental disorders diagnosed in hospital settings in children aged 1-8 years.
Methods: From a cohort of all newborn children in 15 municipalities in the Capital Region of Copenhagen ( = 43,922) we included all children who were examined by CHNs at the scheduled home visit at the age of 8-10 months ( = 36,338).
Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry
November 2024
Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social cognition, self-referential processing, and restricted repetitive behaviors. Despite the established clinical symptoms and neurofunctional alterations in ASD, definitive biomarkers for ASD features during neurodevelopment remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore if activation in brain regions of the default mode network (DMN), specifically the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), superior temporal sulcus (STS), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), angular gyrus (AG), and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is associated with possible phenotypic features of autism (PPFA) in a large, diverse youth cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Child Adolesc Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
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