Characterizing high-frequency emergency department users in a rural northwestern Ontario hospital: a 5-year analysis of volume, frequency and acuity of visits.

Introduction: High-frequency emergency department users contribute substantially to urban emergency department workloads. The scope of this issue in rural emergency care provision is largely unknown.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed emergency department visits at the Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre and associated primary care data from 2010 to 2014 for high-frequency (≥ 6 annual visits) and non-high-frequency(< 6 annual visits) emergency department users.

Results: High-frequency use of the emergency department was stable over the study period. High-frequency users constituted 7.2% of the emergency department patient population and accounted for 31.3% of the emergency department workload and 24.3% of hospital admissions. High-frequency users had similar clinical presentations as non-high-frequency users but required fewer admissions per emergency department visit (5.3% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001). High-frequency users had more low-acuity presentations and concurrently accessed primary care services twice as often as non-high-frequency users. Females outnumbered males across all age categories in both user groups.

Conclusion: High-frequency emergency department use is an important issue for rural hospitals. High use of this rural emergency department was not associated with limited use of primary care services. Aside from accepting that "they will always be with us," more research, particularly qualitative, is needed to understand why some patients frequently visit a rural emergency department.