The understanding of esophageal function and dysfunction in a variety of disease states has been driven largely by the introduction of a variety of measurement technologies. Included in these are contrast esophagram, computed tomography, high-resolution manometry, and 24-hour pH monitoring. Two novel measurement technologies, the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) and mucosal impedance (MI) catheter have recently introduced and studied. This review will discuss the technological basis of these tools and the evidence behind their application in the measurement of esophageal anatomy, physiology, and histology pertaining to a number of diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia, and esosinophilic esophagitis.
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