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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, accumulating evidence indicates a link between immune response and AF, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. It should be noticed that the relationship between immune response and AF is complex. Whether immune response is a cause or a result of AF is unclear. As the functional unit of the immune system, immune cells may play a vital role in the immunological pathogenesis of AF. In this review, we briefly highlight the evidence on relationships between immune cells and AF, and discuss their potential roles in AF pathogenesis. We hope this review could provide new orientation and enlightenment for further research on AF mechanism.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.007 | DOI Listing |
Ann Ital Chir
March 2025
Department of Radiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200062 Shanghai, China.
Aim: To investigate predictive value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) combined with the distal ureteral diameter ratio (UDR) for early breakthrough urinary tract infection (BT-UTI) in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 150 VUR patients admitted to ShangHai Children's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. Patients were divided into the early BT-UTI group (n = 52) and the non-earlyBT-UTI group (n = 98) based on whether early BT-UTI occurred.
Semin Radiat Oncol
April 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.. Electronic address:
Radiation resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, poses a significant challenge in radiation oncology. The key contributors are tumor hypoxia, cancer stem cells, cell cycle checkpoint activation, and DNA repair processes (homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining). Genetic modifications such as TP53 mutations, KRAS mutations, EGFR overexpression, and abnormalities in DNA repair proteins like BRCA1/2 additionally affect radiation sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemin Radiat Oncol
April 2025
Department of Head and Neck and Thoracic Cancers, Division of Radiation Oncology and Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.; Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.. Electronic address:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with current treatment recommendations largely based on TNM-stage. Radiotherapy remains the backbone of treatment for NPC. Over the past decades, the addition of concurrent chemotherapy to radiotherapy for early-stage disease, and the combination of induction chemotherapy (IC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) with chemoradiotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy alone for advanced disease have led to substantial improvements in survival of patients with NPC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
March 2025
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, İstanbul, Turkiye. Electronic address:
The success of biomaterial applications in medicine, particularly in tissue engineering, relies on achieving a balance between promoting tissue regeneration and controlling the immune response. Due to its natural origin, high biocompatibility, and versatility, chitosan has emerged as a promising biomaterial especially for immunomodulation purposes. Immunomodulation, refers to the deliberate alteration of the immune system's activity to achieve a desired therapeutic effect either by enhancing or suppressing the function of specific immune cells, signaling pathways, or cytokine production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Pharmacol
March 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease which remains poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays a role in the pathogenesis of several cancers; however, its role in PDAC is unclear because AHR exhibits both pro- and anti-tumor activities. Here we evaluated the role of AHR in CR705 and K8484 murine PDAC cells in vitro and CR705 cells in vivo.
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