Effectiveness of an infant mortality prevention home-visiting program on high-risk births in Ohio.

Objectives: The Ohio Infant Mortality Reduction Initiative (OIMRI) is a home-visiting program that aims to reduce infant mortality among infants of high-risk black women. This study examined birth outcomes among OIMRI participants and compared program participants to matched non-OIMRI women.

Design: Program data were linked to birth records, death records, and Medicaid claims data. Propensity score matching was used to match program participants with like women in Ohio.

Sample: The sample consisted of 2,837 black mothers from 14 counties in Ohio.

Measurements: Infant mortality, causes of death, and birth weight were examined.

Results: There were 25 deaths among 2,837 OIMRI participants from 2010 to 2015, for an infant mortality rate of 8.8 deaths per 1,000 live births (95% CI 5.4-12.2). Among those women who participated in OIMRI, three fewer deaths per 1,000 births within the first year of life were estimated compared to those not in OIMRI; however, this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: The number of infant deaths among women enrolled in the OIMRI program was not significantly different from those who did not participate in OIMRI. Programs like OIMRI cannot singlehandedly address the infant mortality disparity but may help prevent some infant mortality risks.