Intravesical Therapies for Radiation Cystitis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to summarize developments during the last decade in intravesical treatments for radiation cystitis. Radiation used to treat pelvic malignancies inadvertently damages the urinary bladder leading to acute as well as chronic symptoms. Late sequelae may take years to develop and include storage symptoms and hematuria, which may be life-threatening in severe cases. Conservative measures, surgical interventions, and systematically or intravesically administered agents represent treatment choices.

Methods: MEDLINE and PubMed were searched to retrieve clinical data on the subject, published in peer-reviewed journals from 2002 onwards.

Results: Historically referenced intravesical treatments such as aluminium salts and formalin, were not investigated in recent studies. The replenishment of the glycosaminoglycan layer of the bladder mucosa shows promise in reducing acute symptoms and possibly long-term bladder damage, but needs further investigation. Botulinum toxin also represents a new alternative treatment for radiation cystitis but its mechanism of action and efficacy should be evaluated in future trials.

Conclusion: There is a paucity of data in recent literature regarding the management of radiation cystitis, at least by means of intravesical agents. The replenishment of the glycosaminoglycan layer of the bladder mucosa and the administration of botulinum toxin show promise, but need further investigation.