Background: (KTB) (incinerated hen egg shells) is one of the important calcium-rich medicines used to treat leukorrhea, urinary tract infections, etc. Ancient scholars suggested that KTB prepared with processed (cinnabar) is more potent than prepared without . Hence, in the present study, an attempt has been made to prepare incinerated hen egg shells using two different methods with and without cinnabar and their analytical profiles have been developed.
Aims And Objectives: To develop analytical profile of KTB prepared by two different methods.
Materials And Methods: Two samples of KTB were prepared. Sample KTB-A was prepared by (juice of Tourn. Linn.) and sample KTB-B was prepared in the presence of as a medium for using electric muffle furnace. The final product of both the samples of were analyzed by organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical parameters and advanced sophisticated instrumental technologies such as particle size detection, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy.
Observations And Results: 22.75% and 41.16% of Calcium was detected in samples KTB-A and KTB-B, respectively. 0.29% and 0.15% of magnesium was found in samples KTB-A and KTB-B respectively. Both the samples of were found to contain calcium hydroxide Ca(OH).
Conclusions: Minimum four (incineration cycles) with average 800°C temperature is required to prepare KTB through electric muffle furnace using and processed as a medium. An average particle size was found as 9.35 μm and 9.97 μm in samples KTB-A and KTB-B, respectively. XRD study reveals that raw is CaCO (calcite) and CaCO (calcium carbonate) whereas both the contain CaHO (portlandite syn) and Ca(OH).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ayu.AYU_209_17 | DOI Listing |
Environ Pollut
January 2023
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
In December 2020, high soil concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were discovered across large parts of Lausanne, Switzerland. Concentrations reached up to 640 ng TEQ/kg dry weight. The most likely source was a former municipal waste incinerator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
June 2022
Green Materials & Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea.
Explosive waste is very dangerous, and it should be incinerated under safe conditions. Currently, a rotary kiln is used to incinerate explosive waste; however, it creates air pollutants such as NO more than the government regulation (90 ppm). To this end, the fluidized bed was suggested, and previous study showed that it could be a new-generation incineration method since it creates NO less than regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioresour Bioprocess
April 2022
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada.
Spent hen are egg-laying hens reaching the end of their laying cycles; billions of spent hens are produced globally each year. Differences in people's attitudes towards spent hen as foods lead to their different fates among countries. While spent hens are consumed as raw or processed meat products in Asian countries such as China, India, Korea, and Thailand, they are treated as a byproduct or waste, not a food product, in the western society; they are instead disposed by burial, incineration, composting (as fertilizers), or rendering into animal feed and pet food, which either create little market value or cause animal welfare and environmental concerns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
February 2022
Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China. Electronic address:
Studies on the human body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in populations around municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in China are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the potential adverse health effects of an 8-year MSWI on the surrounding population and identify possible exposure pathways. We hypothesized that the MSWI would result in different environmental impacts and population health outcomes between upwind and downwind of its 3 km vicinity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAyu
January 2017
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India.
Background: (KTB) (incinerated hen egg shells) is one of the important calcium-rich medicines used to treat leukorrhea, urinary tract infections, etc. Ancient scholars suggested that KTB prepared with processed (cinnabar) is more potent than prepared without . Hence, in the present study, an attempt has been made to prepare incinerated hen egg shells using two different methods with and without cinnabar and their analytical profiles have been developed.
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