Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
Published: September 2018
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
The infant gut microbiota has a high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) compared to adults, even in the absence of antibiotic exposure. Here we study potential sources of infant gut ARGs by performing metagenomic sequencing of breast milk, as well as infant and maternal gut microbiomes. We find that fecal ARG and mobile genetic element (MGE) profiles of infants are more similar to those of their own mothers than to those of unrelated mothers. MGEs in mothers' breast milk are also shared with their own infants. Termination of breastfeeding and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis of mothers, which have the potential to affect microbial community composition, are associated with higher abundances of specific ARGs, the composition of which is largely shaped by bacterial phylogeny in the infant gut. Our results suggest that infants inherit the legacy of past antibiotic consumption of their mothers via transmission of genes, but microbiota composition still strongly impacts the overall resistance load.
Aim: To evaluate whether extremely preterm infants with considerable gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during the neonatal period, but without major abdominal surgery or necrotising enterocolitis, had an increased probability of developing GI dysfunction later in life.
Methods: A retrospective, case-control study on extremely preterm neonates that underwent an upper gastrointestinal contrast series (UGI) between 2012 and 2017, with UGI used as a marker of considerable GI symptoms. Controls were matched for sex and gestational age.
Background: Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating bowel disease that primarily occurs in infants born prematurely and is associated with abnormal gut microbiome development. While gut microbiome compositions associated with NEC have been well studied, there is a lack of experimental work investigating microbiota functions and their associations with disease onset. The aim of this pilot study was to characterise the metabolic functionality of the preterm gut microbiome prior to the onset of NEC compared with healthy controls.
Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring astragalus-like polyphenolic compound with remarkable weight loss properties. However, the mechanism of RSV in treating obesity is unclear. In this narrative review, we explored electronic databases (PubMed) for research articles from 2021 to the present using the keywords "resveratrol" and "obesity".
Unlabelled: Recent research provides new insights into the early establishment of the infant gut microbiome, emphasizing the influence of breastfeeding on the development of gastrointestinal microbiomes. In our study, we longitudinally examined the taxonomic and functional dynamics of the oral and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiomes of healthy infants ( = 30) in their first year, focusing on the often-over-looked aspects, the development of archaeal and anaerobic microbiomes. Breastfed (BF) infants exhibit a more defined transitional phase in their oral microbiome compared to non-breastfed (NBF) infants, marked by a decrease in and the emergence of anaerobic genera such as .
Ready-to-use supplemental foods (RUSF) are energy-dense meals formulated to prevent and treat moderate and severe childhood acute malnutrition (MAM and SAM) in high-risk settings. Although lifesaving, the degree and durability of weight recovery with RUSF is unpredictable. We examined whether environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and gut microbiota perturbations are risk factors for RUSF failure in a birth cohort of 416 rural Pakistani children followed for growth, common childhood illnesses, and biomarkers from blood, urine, and stool.
