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The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California experiences high concentrations of particulate matter NHNO during episodes of meteorological stagnation in winter. A rich data set of observations related to NHNO formation was acquired during multiple periods of elevated NHNO during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) field campaign in SJV in January and February 2013. Here NHNO is simulated during the SJV DISCOVER-AQ study period with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, diagnostic model evaluation is performed using the DISCOVER-AQ data set, and integrated reaction rate analysis is used to quantify HNO production rates. Simulated NO generally agrees well with routine monitoring of 24-hr average NO, but comparisons with hourly average NO measurements in Fresno revealed differences at higher time resolution. Predictions of gas-particle partitioning of total nitrate (HNO + NO) and NHx (NH + NH) generally agree well with measurements in Fresno, although partitioning of total nitrate to HNO is sometimes overestimated at low relative humidity in afternoon. Gas-particle partitioning results indicate that NHNO formation is limited by HNO availability in both the model and ambient. NH mixing ratios are underestimated, particularly in areas with large agricultural activity, and additional work on the spatial allocation of NH emissions is warranted. During a period of elevated NHNO, the model predicted that the OH + NO pathway contributed 46% to total HNOproduction in SJV and the NO heterogeneous hydrolysis pathway contributed 54%. The relative importance of the OH + NO pathway for HNO production is predicted to increase as NOx emissions decrease.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6145493 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028290 | DOI Listing |
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