Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Published: September 2018
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration has stimulated osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells when these cells were cultured in certain types of three-dimensional environments. However, results of osteogenesis are conflicting with some reports showing no effect of vibration at all. A large number of vibration studies using three-dimensional scaffolds employ scaffolds derived from natural sources. Since these natural sources potentially have inherent biochemical and microarchitectural cues, we explored the effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration at low, medium, and high accelerations when mesenchymal stem cells were encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate microspheres. Low and medium accelerations enhanced osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells while high accelerations inhibited it. These studies demonstrate that the isolated effect of vibration alone induces osteogenesis.
The neural crest (NC) is an embryonic cell population with high migratory capacity. It contributes to forming several organs and tissues, such as the craniofacial skeleton and the peripheral nervous system of vertebrates. Both pre-migratory and post-migratory NC cells are plastic, adopting multiple differentiation paths by responding to different inductive environmental signals.
Adequate hypothermic storage of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is of fundamental importance since they have been explored in several regenerative medicine initiatives. However, the actual clinical application of hMSCs necessitates hypothermic storage for long periods, a process that requires the use of non-toxic and efficient cryo-reagents capable of maintaining high viability and differentiating properties after thawing. Current cryopreservation methods are based on cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) containing dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), which have been shown to be toxic for clinical applications.
Changes to the composition of the microbiome in neoplasia, is termed oncobiosis, may affect tumor behavior through the changes to the secretion of bacterial metabolites. In this study we show, that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a bacterial metabolite, has cytostatic properties in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell (PDAC) models. UDCA in concentrations corresponding to the human serum reference range suppressed PDAC cell proliferation.
Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Introduction: Extensive trauma frequently disrupts endometrial regeneration by diminishing endometrial stem cells/progenitor cells, affecting female fertility. While bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been suggested as an approach to address endometrial injury, it comes with certain limitations. Recent advancements in endometrial epithelial organoids (EEOs) have displayed encouraging potential for endometrial regeneration.
Previous studies have shown that seaweed extracts (HMEs) possess antioxidant properties, but the molecular mechanisms accounting for this activity are not known. Thus, the present study investigated the molecular mechanisms through which HME exerted its antioxidant activity in human mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). After the isolation of HME, its chemical composition was analyzed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry, indicating that it contained amino acids, organic acids, organic amides, sugar alcohols, saturated fatty acids, hydrogenated diterpene alcohols, and other organic compounds.
