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Molecular identification of Plasmodium species in symptomatic children of Democratic Republic of Congo. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study focused on identifying different Plasmodium species causing malaria in children under 5 years old in Kinshasa and North Kivu, DRC, showing the importance of species identification for treatment and surveillance.
  • - Out of 407 sampled children, 34.9% were infected, with P. falciparum being the most common (99.2%), and some cases of other species, including P. malariae and P. vivax, were also found.
  • - The findings revealed that malaria prevalence was significantly higher in females (64.8%) and in children over 2 years old (81.6%), highlighting variations in infection rates by age and gender.

Article Abstract

Background: Worldwide, the highest malaria mortality is due to Plasmodium falciparum infection. However, other species of Plasmodium (Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi) can also cause malaria. Therefore, accurate identification of malaria species is crucial for patient management and epidemiological surveillance. This study aimed to determine the different Plasmodium species causing malaria in children under 5 years old in two provinces (Kinshasa and North Kivu) of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Methods: From October to December 2015, a health-facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in General Reference Hospitals in Kinshasa and North Kivu. Four hundred and seven blood samples were collected from febrile children aged ≤ 5 years. Nested polymerase chain reaction assays were performed for Plasmodium species identification.

Results: Out of 407 children, 142 (34.9%) were infected with Plasmodium spp. and P. falciparum was the most prevalent species (99.2%). Among those infected children, 124 had a mono infection with P. falciparum and one with P. malariae. Mixed infections with P. falciparum/P. malariae and P. falciparum/P. vivax were observed in 6 (1.5%) and 8 (2.0%) children, respectively. The prevalence of infection was higher in females (64.8%) than in males (35.2%), p < 0.001. The age-specific distribution of infection showed that children of less than 2 years old were less infected (18.4%) compared to those aged above 2 years (81.6%), p < 0.001.

Conclusion: Although this study showed clearly that the most prevalent species identified was P. falciparum, the findings demonstrate the existence of non-falciparum malaria, especially P. malariae and P. vivax among children aged ≤ 5 years living both Kinshasa and North Kivu Provinces in DRC.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149035PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2480-5DOI Listing

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