The nature and distribution of some carbohydrate receptors on the cell membrane of transformed human B- and T-derived lymphocyte cell lines (RPMI-1788, Daudi, Jurkat, Molt-4) are studied by Ricinus communis agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, Helix pomatia lectin, peanut agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with ferritin and colloidal gold. The quality of receptors and the manner of their distribution detected by different lectins are considerably different.
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Viruses
December 2024
Department of Medicine & State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts of chimpanzees and patients treated with multidose (MD) HBV siRNA ARC-520 and entecavir (ETV) were characterized by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, identifying multiple types of transcripts with the potential to encode HBx, HBsAg, HBeAg, core, and polymerase, as well as transcripts likely to be derived from dimers of dslDNA, and these differed between HBeAg-positive (HBeAg+) and HBeAg-negative (HBeAg-) individuals. HBV transcripts from the last follow-up ~30 months post-ARC-520 treatment were categorized from one HBeAg+ (one of two previously highly viremic patients that became HBeAg- upon treatment and had greatly reduced cccDNA products) and four HBeAg- patients. The previously HBeAg+ patient received a biopsy that revealed that he had 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer continues to represent a substantial burden in terms of its morbidity and mortality, underscoring the imperative for the development of novel and efficacious treatment modalities. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have highlighted the importance of identifying tumour-specific antigens, which can assist the immune system in targeting malignant cells effectively. Phage display technology has emerged as an effective tool for the discovery of novel antigens through cDNA library screening, representing a significant advancement in the field of immunological research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
November 2024
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
The host enzyme heparanase (HPSE) facilitates the release of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) from target cells by cleaving the viral attachment receptor heparan sulfate (HS) from infected cell surfaces. HPSE 2, an isoform of HPSE, binds to but does not possess the enzymatic activity needed to cleave cell surface HS. Our study demonstrates that HSV-2 infection significantly elevates HPSE 2 protein levels, impacting two distinct stages of viral replication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
November 2024
Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Certain species D human adenoviruses (HAdV-D19, -D37, and -D64) are causative agents of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. HAdV-D37 has previously been shown to bind CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) and sialic acid as adhesion receptors. HAdV-D64 is genetically highly similar to HAdV-D37, with an identical fiber protein sequence, but differs substantially in its penton base and hexon proteins, two other major capsid components, due to genetic recombination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Laboratory of Biology of Cellular Interactions, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
Background/objectives: Considering the large number of candidates in vaccine-testing studies against different pathogens and the amount of time spent in the preclinical and clinical trials, there is a pressing need to develop an improved in vivo system to quickly screen vaccine candidates. The model of a polyester-polyurethane sponge implant provides a rapid analysis of the specific stimulus-response, allowing the study of a compartmentalized microenvironment. The sponge implant's defined measurements were standardized as a compartment to assess the immune response triggered by the vaccinal antigen.
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