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The development of kind concepts: Insights from object individuation.
Psychol Rev
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.
Object individuation studies have been a valuable tool in understanding the development of kind concepts. In this article, we review evidence from object individuation paradigms to argue that by their first birthday, infants represent at least three superordinate-level sortal kinds: OBJECT, ANIMATE, and AGENT (possibly also ARTIFACT). These superordinate sortal-kind concepts share key characteristics of adult kind concepts, such as prioritizing causal properties and having inductive potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of economic support, comprehensive sexuality education and community dialogue on early childbearing and sitting for grade nine exams among adolescent girls in rural Zambia: a cluster randomised trial.
EClinicalMedicine
December 2024
Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Norway.
Background: Adolescent pregnancies pose a risk to young mothers and their babies. In Zambia, one third of 18-year-old girls have given birth. Poverty, low secondary school enrolment, misinformation, and community norms contribute to early childbearing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSocio-behavioural associates of Early Childhood Caries among preschool children aged three to four years in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study.
BMC Oral Health
October 2024
Institute of Oral Health Maharagama, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a highly prevalent disease among preschoolers in Sri Lanka, with stagnated prevalence over the decades. Therefore, it is important to determine the socio-behavioural associations of ECC among preschoolers to reduce the country's ECC burden.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with a multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 3 to 4 year-old preschoolers/mothers dyads in Gampaha district in 2019.
Exploring the Birthday Week Effect on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Yunnan Province, China, From 2008 to 2022: Surveillance Data Analysis.
JMIR Public Health Surveill
September 2024
Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xianghe Street #1177, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650050, China, 86 13987165649.
Article Synopsis
- Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) mostly affects young children, and this study examined how birthdays may influence the incidence of HFMD by analyzing data from Yunnan Province, China, from 2008 to 2022.
- The "birthday week" was defined as the six days before and including the birthday, and findings showed that 12.02% of HFMD cases occurred during this week, which is significantly higher than the average rate.
- Infants aged 0-1 had the highest rates of infection during their birthday week, and the study noted variations by age group and birth month, particularly during peak HFMD months (April to July and October to December).
Able and willing: Infants selectively seek help from competent and benevolent others.
Dev Psychol
August 2024
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.
Young children often encounter unsolvable problems with which they require others' help. To receive adequate assistance, children must be savvy about whom they seek help from: Effective helpers must possess both the ability to help (e.g.
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